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Mineral nutrition concept 12


01
 
DEFINITION
Types of minerals on the basis of essentiality
  • The minerals are of two types, essential and non-essential.
  • Only about 17-20 elements are found to be essential. The rest elements are called non-essential without which a plant can survive and reproduce. 
  • The non-essential elements may be beneficial or toxic.
  • The essential elements are differentiated into two categories, macroelements and microelements.
02
 
DEFINITION
Macronutrients
  • Nutrients which are required in large quantities are called as macronutrients. 
  • Primary (macro) nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are the most frequently required in a crop fertilization program. Also, they are need in the greatest total quantity by plants as fertilizer.
03
 
DEFINITION
Micronutrients
  • Nutrient which are required in small quantities are called as micronutrients. 
  • The micronutrients are boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc. 
  • These plant food elements are used in very small amounts, but
    they are just as important to plant development and profitable crop production as the major nutrients. 
04
 
DEFINITION
Toxicity of micronutrients
  • In higher doses, micronutrients become toxic.
  • Any tissue concentration which reduces dry weight of tissue by 10% is called toxic concentration.
05
 
DEFINITION
Soil as reservoir of essential elements
  • Soils are derived from rock by processes of weathering.
  • Bulk of materials that are essential for the growth and development of plant become available to roots due to weathering and breakdown of rocks.
  • These processes augment the soil with dissolved ions and inorganic salts.
  • Soil not only supplies minerals but also harbours nitrogen fixing bacteria, other microbes, hold water, supplies air to the roots and acts as matrix that stabilizes the plant.
06
 
DEFINITION
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
  • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are microorganisms present in the soil (Rhizobium) or in plant roots that change nitrogen gases from the atmosphere into solid nitrogen compounds that plants can use in the soil.
07
 
DEFINITION
Root nodules in leguminous plants
  • Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
  • Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia.
08
 
DEFINITION
Hydroponics
  • Solution culture is being used for raising flowers and vegetables at home. This soilless production of plants is known as hydroponics.

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