Advantages of classification
- Classification makes the study of such a large number of living organism easy.
- It presents before us the vast variety of life at a glance.
- It helps us in understanding the relationships among the organisms.
- It helps to give us an idea of evolution.
- It serves as a basis for several allied branches of biology.
Hierarchical of classification groups
- Carolus von Linnaeus created a hierarchical classification system using seven taxonomic categories.
- Kingdom - Top most taxonomic category.
- Phylum - Term used for animals while its synonym division is used for plants.
- Class - One or more than one order makes a class.
- Order - One or more than one similar families constitute order.
- Family - Collection of similar genera.
- Genus - Group of similar species.
- Species - Group of population which is similar in form, shape and reproductive features so that fertile sibling can be produced.
Taxonomic category- Kingdom
- The group of all the related phyla is called the Kingdom.
- For example, all autotrophic organisms which are eukaryotic and contain chloroplast are kept under the plant kingdom.
- Similarly, all heterotrophic organisms which are eukaryotic and lack a cell wall are kept under animal kingdom.
Differnce between taxon and category
| Taxon | Category |
| Taxon is the representation of any level of the taxonomic category. It is constructed by individual biological objects. | Species includes all the organisms that are similar to breed and produce fertile offspring. Species is one taxonomic category and is an abstract term. |
| Taxon can be of monophyletic or polyphyletic generation. | Species is always monophyletic. |
Binomial nomenclature
- Introduced by Carolus Linnaeus is the method of naming an organism with the genus name first and species name later.
- For example, the scientific name of a ladybug found in the United States is Harmonia axyridis. The first part of a scientific name, like Harmonia, is called the genus. The second part of a scientific name, axyridis in this example, is the species.
Method of specimen collection and mounting for herbarium
- A complete specimen possesses all parts including root system, flowers and fruits.
- To avoid damage during transportation and preservation at least 5-G specimens of a plant should be collected.
- The specimens are spread out between the folds of old newspapers or blotting sheets avoiding overlapping of parts.
- The collected specimens are transported in a vasculum (specimen box) to prevent willing.
- The dried specimens are mounted on herbarium sheets of standard size (41 x 29 cm). Mounting is done with die help of glue, adhesive or cello-tape.
Botanical garden
- A botanical garden is an educational institution for scientific workers and laymen to awake interest in plant life.
- In general, botanical garden represents a collection of living plants designed chiefly to illustrate relationships within plant groups.
- They provide facilities for collection of living plant material for biosystematic studies and constitutes reservoirs of valuable heritable characteristics, potentially important in the breeding of new varieties of plants.
Function and list of important museums
Function of museums
- Acquistion of materials
- Recording of materials
- Preservation of materials
- Research
- Exhibition of materials
- Education
- Natural history museum, London
- United states national museum, Washington
- La Plata museum, La Plata, Arg
- Field museum of natural history, Chicago
- Zoology museum, Amsterdam, Neth
Role of zoological parks in wildlife conservation
- Zoological park is involved in the rescue of many species of threatened with extinction.
- Crocodile rehabilitation project is being run by FAO to rehabilitate crocodiles.
- Himalayan Musk Deer is bred at Kufri.
- Attempts have been made for the preservation of Blackbuk, Sambar and Spotted Deer.
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